What are the main legal pathways for entering Bulgaria?
The lawful ways for entering a country differ based on where you are from.
EU nationals
EU nationals enjoy wide freedom of movement, which is a fundamental principle of the EU, enshrined in the Treaty on European Union and developed by EU secondary legislation (Directive 2004/38/EC). This means that if you are a citizen of an EU country, you have the right to move and reside freely within the territory of EU Member States.
Countries whose citizens do not need a visa
In addition to EU citizens, there is a list of countries, the citizens of which do not need a visa to cross the external borders of the Union for stays of no more than 90 days in any 180-day period.
Bulgaria also applies a visa-free system for holders of valid Schengen visas and holders of valid visas and residence permits issued by Romania, Cyprus and Croatia for a stay of up to 90 days in any 180-day period.
Countries, the citizens of which need a visa
If you are a citizen of a country which is not on that list, you will need a visa or a residence permit to be able to enter Bulgaria. For short stays, you can apply for a short-stay visa (Category C) (valid for 90 days during a 180-day period) or a long-stay visa (Category D) (valid for up to 12 months). For longer stays, such as for the purpose of study, employment or settling with a close family member, you need to apply for a residence permit. The requirements and procedure for applying for a visa or a residence permit are set out in the Foreigners in the Republic of Bulgaria Act.